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Cause of Death:
- Diphtheria is a bacterial disease that can cause a leathery membrane to form in the throat causing suffocation. It can also cause problems with the other body organs such as the heart and lungs. There are two major strains of diphtheria bacteria, one that produces a poison, and one that does not produce a poison. It is the poison that is responsible for the more severe symptoms of the disease, such as the heart problems. The poison produced at the site of the infection is absorbed into the bloodstream and then distributed to other parts of the body. Immunization permits the body to neutralize the poison. Disease associated with non-poison producing strains is generally milder, but rarely severe cases have been reported. Diphtheria generally occurs more frequently in the colder months, and is associated with crowded indoor living conditions. The bacteria is known to exist in a person and not cause symptoms. However, immunization may reduce an individual's likelihood of being such a carrier. Diphtheria can infect the nose, tonsils, throat, and larynx or voice-box. The course of the disease ranges from fairly mild in the case of an infection of the nose, to severe illness and death. Skin diphtheria produces a scaling rash or ulcers. When untreated, the most frequent complications of diphtheria are abnormalities in the heart rhythms and transient paralysis of various muscles of the limbs and diaphragm. Diphtheria can also cause pneumonia, respiratory failure, and heart failure. In most cases it is the poison that is responsible for causing these problems. Diphtheria is passed from person-to-person by coughing and sneezing, or in the case of skin diphtheria, from touching the open sores. More rarely, articles soiled with discharges from lesions of infected persons can transmit the disease. The period from exposure to the disease to the time when symptoms occur is usually 2 to 4 days, but can range from 1 to 6 days
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